Hydration and Muscle Cramping

Have you ever experience muscle cramping? Ever wake up in the middle of the night clutching your calf in pain? Often called a "Charlie Horse," this is just one type of cramp that could be prevented by being more hydrated. (Talk about leading a horse to water....)

Cramps are the involuntary tightening of a muscle that won't relax, occurring most often in the calf and thighs. The cause of muscle cramps is not exactly known but is thought to be caused by many things such as overuse, injury, staying in one place too long, strain, and of course from being dehydrated. Those in hotter climates or in just plain in warmer weather are more likely to get cramps during activity, as there is more fluid loss. Fluid comes into play here because fluid helps muscles contract and relax and also keeps muscle cells hydrated. If there is an inadequate water supply, muscles will not work as well as they should, causing strain-- and then cramps.

Also, those with muscle cramps may want to take a banana with their water. Potassium loss, often due to taking diuretics, can also cause muscle cramps. Potassium is also important for muscle contraction. A small amount of potassium is lost through your sweat, and a larger portion is lost through muscle activity. Diuretics, which also can cause dehydration, rob the body of this much-needed element. Calcium and magnesium also play a role in keeping muscles in good shape. It is recommended that during work-outs, people drink water or sports drinks (to replace those electrolytes) at set intervals and also to not gauge the need for water by the thirst mechanism. Children especially are known to be less hydrated when doing something physical, and therefore may cramp easier. Encourage your child, even if they just are active in school gym class, to drink water during the activity.

How can leg cramps be prevented?

• Stretch before and after exercising, along with warm-up and cool-down exercises to prevent cramps from extensive exercising.
• Hydrate before, during, and after the activity especially if it is over an hour.
• Wear good shoes, flat feet, and other structural problems that make some people susceptible to leg cramps.
• Keep blankets loose at the foot of the bed to prevent your toes from pointing downward while you sleep.
• It is important to replace your potassium stores on days when you get at least 45 minutes of rigorous exercise. Potassium can be found in a variety of food sources such as chicken, fish, carrots, bananas, prunes, milk, cooked greens and sweet potatoes.